The April 14, 1931, 80 years ago today, the tricolor flag of the Second Republic for the first time rose to the heavens from Eibar initiating a cascade unstoppable just a few hours later reached the rest of Vitoria and Alava. The proclamation of the Republic began to take shape long before, in January 1930 following the resignation of General Miguel Primo de Rivera, with the approval of King Alfonso XIII and the support of the Catholic Church, the military and conservative forces had concentrated state powers for seven long years dictatorship. Subjected to a fierce opposition from the working classes, the Catalan, leading scholars and, ultimately, much of the Army, Primo de Rivera ended up also losing the support of Alfonso XIII himself, and he was unable to return after weakened and discredited monarchy, as desired, to the constitutional and parliamentary path. He tried his hand and then Damaso Berenguer, Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas, another two soldiers to those who commissioned the normalization of political life, as heads of government, through the convening of subsequent elections. The municipal elections of April 12, 1931, taken as a referendum between monarchy or republic, overestimated the Republican and Socialist in the big cities of the State giving shelved this short period of one year and three months known as dictablanda. was thus opened a very exciting stage for political change and turbulence, which ended the bloodiest conflict in its history and the triumph of Franco's forces on 1 April 1939.
Although, as reminds the professor of Contemporary History at the UPV, Santiago de Pablo, the royalist coalition won the elections in Gasteiz "narrowly," the city soon became infected by the "epidemic Republican." Driven by the exile of the Bourbon king, who left the country the same day 14 to avoid a civil war, the Alava leaders allied to the Republic went to the Civil Government to ask him to surrender control of the province of Aragon, Gabriel Martinez, former Liberal leader turned to republicanism. The refusal of the royal governor, César Medina Bocos, a popular event organized by the commission called the left went back to the Civil Government, and once there, Martínez de Aragón received by hand of the royalist authorities even though they had not received orders from Madrid. "No doubt fearing that a further refusal would cause public order problems," summarizes Paul.
The march then went to City Hall and now located in the Plaza of Spain, where he first raised the banner Republican. So the local newspaper reported Freedom, related to the new political time, the proclamation of the Second Republic in the capital of Alava. He did so in its edition of April 16 because the previous day there was no regular after the 14th day holiday decreed: "Vitoria celebrated date with joy and pleasure, taking the city the appearance of great solemnity. Without fanfare, with the healthy joy of those who achieved a well earned national offensive repair after seven-odd years without law and unbearable gag, Vitoria expands quiet and polite, which corresponds to their culture and citizenship education. And in the street confused the gentleman and the worker, the seamstress and obrerita. Camaraderie and close union of mind. Good for Vitoria! "Even the Catholic Herald Alava praised the" unexpected normalcy "in which events unfolded." Amengua In all seriousness and wisdom of the people of wrongful deeds exception that occurred. Certainly most, almost all of the people, have observed exemplary conduct.
The continued transfer of powers in City Hall, where Mayor Jose Gabriel still Guinea, fundamentalist, handed the rod unopposed Republican Teodoro González de Zárate. Soon after, in May, elections were repeated in part and the left won clearly against the monarchy, which allowed González de Zárate obtain the majority needed to govern in subsequent years. The Republican also Teodoro Olarte, first elected councilman, would appointed shortly after Alava Provincial President, a position that would show in two stages until his murder by Franco on 18 September 1936. The hall was also decorated with flags ikurriña and socialist societies of the Federation of Workers. The people of the province, many embraced the Carlist, nevertheless, also received the new time with "normal" according to Paul.
This was, in his view, "the dominant note in the passage from Monarchy to Republic" in Álava. "Although the province had expressed mostly favorable to the options monarchical The public reaction was initially favorable to the new regime, "a synthesis. The only incident of the day," without undue importance, "took place when the warden of Vitoria initially refused to release such and as demanded by the Republicans, seven political prisoners locked up there.
Rise and Fall ...
The night ended with more celebrations once released, and the party also continued the next day when several ministers, including Indalecio Prieto, train passed the station while returning to Madrid Gasteiz after his forced exile in Paris. "The night was long, with the municipal band dance late into the night and live the Republic by the mouth of the young people continued the party," recounted in its pages El Heraldo Alava. Nevertheless, the errors committed by the regime sentenced thereafter, gradually, to his own downfall, CIRCUMSTANCES which joined the severe economic crisis of the time.
"The period of Republican enthusiasm, palpable even in the elections to the Constituent Cortes in June, began to crumble from the summer of 1931, certifies Paul. Then "The limited basis of the scheme, which has been described as a Republic without republicans or even as a democracy without (just) democrats" and "their major structural problems" and "their own mistakes, some of them recognized a posteriori by the same Republican leaders, as happened with how to address the religious issue, "explain" the hard way that the regime had to go, as happened in Vitoria, "says Paul. The "constant harassment of the Republic was subjected by his enemies soon" did the rest and Alava, when it was the military uprising of 1936, fell almost to Franco first exchange. González de Zárate, one of the great symbols of the Republic in Gasteiz, would be killed in Azazeta in March 1937.
(Noticias de Alava. 14 / 04 / 2011)
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